News from the NNI Community - Research Advances Funded by Agencies Participating in the NNI

Researchers from Penn State, the Southwest University of Science and Technology in China, and neaspec GmbH in Germany have, for the first time, revealed the subsurface structural changes of silica glass due to nanoscale wear and damage, which may lead to improvements in glass products such as electronic displays and vehicle windshields. The researchers used a new instrumentation technique, known as hyperspectral near-field optical mapping, which enables scientists to see effects to the glass from scratching and to find structural changes that occur around nano-level indentations into the glass surface.

Researchers at the University of Connecticut have developed a way to protect large-biomolecule drugs by encasing them in a nanomaterial mimicking DNA. The nanomaterial is shaped like a bundle of sticks, where the sticks are tubes of DNA-like nanotubes. The researchers showed that this DNA-nanotube drug delivery can inhibit viral genes in infected human lung cells.

Inspired by nature, researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, along with collaborators from Washington State University, have created a novel material that provides a highly efficient artificial light-harvesting system, with potential applications in photovoltaics and bioimaging. The material combines the programmability of a protein-like synthetic molecule with the complexity of a silicate-based nanocluster, to create a new class of highly robust nanocrystals.

Researchers at MIT, the University of California at Berkeley, the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, and elsewhere have found a new way of making electrical connections between electronic components and 2D materials, which could help unleash the potential of 2D materials and further the miniaturization of electronic components. The 2D material used in this study consists of a thin sheet just one or a few atoms thick of molybdenum disulfide.

Researchers from North Carolina State University have created 3D-printable gels with improved and highly controlled properties by merging micro- and nano-sized networks of the same materials harnessed from seaweed. The gels are composed of both a primary gel matrix and a reinforcement network that consists of micron-scale fibers, which branch multiple times into ever thinner fibers, the thinnest of which are 10 nanometers in diameter. These gels could be used to create biological scaffolds for growing cells and to develop soft robotics.  

Scientists from The University of New Mexico, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Institute of Optics in Spain have published a study that gives new insight into the way collections of nanoparticles radiatively exchange heat with one another and their environment. The team found that when an arrangement of nanoparticles has some amount of heat initially stored in it, the system will approach the temperature of its environment in the same way, regardless of which particles are hot. The scientists also found that as a nanoparticle thermalizes to its environment, the nanoparticle cools down and heats back up several times, even though the environment remains at the same temperature.

Engineers at the University of California, Riverside. have developed a method to deliver nanomaterials with reliable mechanical and electric properties, which requires consistent, predictable shapes and surfaces, as well as scalable production techniques. The method involves vaporizing metals within a magnetic field to direct the reassembly of metal atoms into predictable shapes.

A team of researchers led by Cornell University has used X-ray nanoimaging to gain an unprecedented view into solid-state electrolytes, revealing previously undetected crystal defects and dislocations that may now be leveraged to create superior energy storage materials.

A multi-institutional team of researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University has figured out a way to deliver potent medicine to brain tumors by getting through the blood-brain barrier. The researchers packaged RNA-based drugs in robust nanocarriers, typically 100 nm in size, and deployed a modified version of ultrasound, which uses microbubbles – tiny gas pockets in the bloodstream – that vibrate in response to ultrasound waves. Focusing multiple beams of ultrasound energy onto a cancerous spot caused the microbubbles' vibrations to stretch the endothelial tissue that makes up the blood-brain barrier, creating an opening for the drugs to get through.

A patent-pending technology developed by researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been licensed by a start-up business that is piloting the technology in several U.S. and international locations. The technology uses magnetic nanoparticles to capture valuable materials from brines. The nanoparticles consist of a form of iron oxide known as magnetite, which is used to anchor the adsorbent shell that selectively binds the compounds of interest. When exposed to a magnet, the nanoparticle's iron core migrates toward the magnet, along with the critical material to which they are bound, and the nanoparticles can be filtered from the brine.