News from the NNI Community - Research Advances Funded by Agencies Participating in the NNI

Metals get stronger as the size of the grains making up the metal gets smaller – up to a point. If the grains are smaller than 10 nanometers in diameter, the materials are weaker because, it was thought, they slide past each other like sand sliding down a dune. But researchers at Princeton University, the University of California, Berkeley, and at universities in China have shown that in samples of nickel with grain diameters as small as 3 nanometers, and under high pressures, the strength of the samples continued to increase with smaller grain sizes.

Engineers at MIT have developed a small, mirrored chip that helps to produce dark-field images without dedicated expensive components. When placed on a microscope's stage, the chip emits a hollow cone of light that can be used to generate detailed dark-field images of algae, bacteria, and similarly translucent tiny objects. The middle layer of the optical chip functions as the chip's light source, made from a polymer infused with quantum dots—tiny nanoparticles that emit light when excited with fluorescent light. Over this light-generating layer, the researchers placed a structure made from alternating nanoscale layers of transparent materials, with different refractive indices.

Engineers at MIT have developed a small, mirrored chip that helps to produce dark-field images without dedicated expensive components. When placed on a microscope's stage, the chip emits a hollow cone of light that can be used to generate detailed dark-field images of algae, bacteria, and similarly translucent tiny objects. The middle layer of the optical chip functions as the chip's light source, made from a polymer infused with quantum dots—tiny nanoparticles that emit light when excited with fluorescent light. Over this light-generating layer, the researchers placed a structure made from alternating nanoscale layers of transparent materials, with different refractive indices.

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have discovered a surprising feature in two-dimensional (2-D) magnets. Their finding is the first verification that a signal long thought to be due to vibrations in the lattice—the structure of the material itself—is actually due to a wave of electron spins.

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have discovered a surprising feature in two-dimensional (2-D) magnets. Their finding is the first verification that a signal long thought to be due to vibrations in the lattice—the structure of the material itself—is actually due to a wave of electron spins.

There are many ways to build materials that have carbon-nanotube-based fibers, but combining nanotubes to make such materials can lead to a loss in important properties. So, scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a technique that improves the electrical and mechanical properties of these materials by creating chemical crosslinks among the nanotubes.

There are many ways to build materials that have carbon-nanotube-based fibers, but combining nanotubes to make such materials can lead to a loss in important properties. So, scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a technique that improves the electrical and mechanical properties of these materials by creating chemical crosslinks among the nanotubes.

Researchers at Oregon State University have found that gene-infused nanoparticles used for combating disease work better when they include plant-based relatives of cholesterol, because their shape and structure help the genes get where they need to be inside cells. This discovery is important because many illnesses that can't be treated effectively with conventional drugs can be treated genetically – by delivering nucleic acids to diseased cells so they can make the correct proteinas needed for health.

Researchers at Oregon State University have found that gene-infused nanoparticles used for combating disease work better when they include plant-based relatives of cholesterol, because their shape and structure help the genes get where they need to be inside cells. This discovery is important because many illnesses that can't be treated effectively with conventional drugs can be treated genetically – by delivering nucleic acids to diseased cells so they can make the correct proteins needed for health.

Researchers at North Carolina State University have verified that it is possible to engineer two-layered nanofibers consisting of an ordered row of alternating peptides. The researchers also have determined what makes these peptides automatically assemble into this pattern. This discovery raises the possibility of creating tailored "ABAB" peptide nanofibers for a variety of biomedical applications.